应急柴油发电机房的设计（四） Design of Emergency Diesel Generator Room (IV)

柴油发电机是一种小型发电设备，系指以柴油等为燃料，以柴油机为原动机带动发电机发电的动力机械。整套机组一般由柴油机、发电机、控制箱、燃油箱、起动和控制用蓄电瓶、保护装置、应急柜等部件组成。可用于各种家庭、办公室、大中小型企业日常发电以及应急发电。

  柴油发电机组是柴油发动机与发电机（通常是交流发电机）的组合以产生电能。 柴油压燃式发动机通常设计成在燃油上运行，但是有一些类型适用于其他液体燃料或天然气。发电机是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的机械设备。

  随着社会的发展，人民生活水平的提高，在现代民用建筑当中，用电设备的种类和数量越来越多，在这些用电设备当中，不仅有消防泵、喷淋泵等消防设备，还有需要可靠供电的生活泵、电梯等用电设备，为满足这些设备用电的可靠性，当市政电网无法提供两路独立电源时，在设计中采用柴油发电机组作为备用电源的方法被普遍采用。

  虽然柴油燃点较高，发生火灾危险性相对较小，但是在民用建筑中是将柴油发电机组设置在建筑物主体内，从理论上来说肯定还是有危险性的，再考虑到机组运行过程中通风、噪音、振动等问题，无疑需要我们全面考虑并采取充分的防范措施。

日用油箱

  根据《民用建筑电气设计规范》的规定按柴油发电机运行3~8小时设置燃油箱，而民用建筑防火规范要求更严格，应在机房内设置专用的储油间，内设日用油箱，其总储存量不应超过8小时的需要量，而根据建筑设计防火规范规定中间诸油罐容积不超过1m。日用油箱的容积按下式计算：

   V=G*C/r/A

   V------日用油箱间的容积(m3)；

   G------柴油机燃料的消耗量(kg/h)；

   R------燃油密度(kg/m)，轻柴油为810~860；

   A------油箱充满系数(一般取0.8)；

   C------供油时间(3~8h)。

储油间应采用防火墙与发电机间隔开，当必须在防火墙上开门时，应设置能自行关闭的甲级防火门，并向发电机间开启。油箱间内灯具采用防爆型，并设置日常通风。

A diesel generator is a small power generation device that refers to a power machinery that uses diesel or other fuels and a diesel engine as the prime mover to drive the generator to generate electricity. The entire unit is generally composed of components such as a diesel engine, generator, control box, fuel tank, starting and control battery, protective device, emergency cabinet, etc. Can be used for daily power generation and emergency power generation in various households, offices, large, medium and small enterprises.

A diesel generator set is a combination of a diesel engine and a generator (usually an AC generator) to generate electrical energy. Diesel compression ignition engines are typically designed to run on fuel, but there are some types that are suitable for other liquid fuels or natural gas. A generator is a mechanical device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy.

With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, there are more and more types and quantities of electrical equipment in modern civil buildings. Among these electrical equipment, there are not only fire-fighting equipment such as fire pumps and sprinkler pumps, but also electrical equipment such as domestic pumps and elevators that require reliable power supply. In order to meet the reliability of power supply for these equipment, when the municipal power grid cannot provide two independent power sources, the method of using diesel generator sets as backup power sources in the design is widely adopted.

Although diesel has a high ignition point and a relatively low risk of fire, it is theoretically still dangerous to install diesel generator sets inside the main structure of civil buildings. Considering issues such as ventilation, noise, and vibration during unit operation, it is undoubtedly necessary for us to comprehensively consider and take sufficient preventive measures.

day tank 

According to the "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings", a fuel tank should be installed for diesel generators to operate for 3-8 hours. However, the fire prevention code for civil buildings requires stricter requirements, and a dedicated oil storage room should be set up in the machine room with a daily fuel tank. The total storage capacity should not exceed the required amount for 8 hours. According to the fire prevention code for building design, the capacity of the intermediate oil tanks should not exceed 1 meter. The capacity of the daily fuel tank is calculated according to the following formula:

V=G*C/r/A

V - Capacity between daily fuel tanks (m3);

G - Consumption of diesel engine fuel (kg/h);

R - Fuel density (kg/m), light diesel is 810-860;

A - Fuel tank filling coefficient (usually taken as 0.8);

C - Fuel supply time (3-8h).

The oil storage room should be separated from the generator by a firewall. When it is necessary to open the door on the firewall, a Class A fire door that can be closed by itself should be installed and opened to the generator room. The lighting fixtures in the fuel tank room are explosion-proof and equipped with daily ventilation.