应急柴油发电机房的设计（三） Design of Emergency Diesel Generator Room (III)

柴油发电机是一种小型发电设备，系指以柴油等为燃料，以柴油机为原动机带动发电机发电的动力机械。整套机组一般由柴油机、发电机、控制箱、燃油箱、起动和控制用蓄电瓶、保护装置、应急柜等部件组成。可用于各种家庭、办公室、大中小型企业日常发电以及应急发电。

  柴油发电机组是柴油发动机与发电机（通常是交流发电机）的组合以产生电能。 柴油压燃式发动机通常设计成在燃油上运行，但是有一些类型适用于其他液体燃料或天然气。发电机是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的机械设备。

  随着社会的发展，人民生活水平的提高，在现代民用建筑当中，用电设备的种类和数量越来越多，在这些用电设备当中，不仅有消防泵、喷淋泵等消防设备，还有需要可靠供电的生活泵、电梯等用电设备，为满足这些设备用电的可靠性，当市政电网无法提供两路独立电源时，在设计中采用柴油发电机组作为备用电源的方法被普遍采用。

  虽然柴油燃点较高，发生火灾危险性相对较小，但是在民用建筑中是将柴油发电机组设置在建筑物主体内，从理论上来说肯定还是有危险性的，再考虑到机组运行过程中通风、噪音、振动等问题，无疑需要我们全面考虑并采取充分的防范措施。

排烟系统

  柴油发电机组燃烧时除了会产生大量热气外，还会产生大量燃烧废气。这些废气必须经过专门处理后，才能由专用的排烟竖井排至空气中。据有关资料显示柴油发电机组在运行过程中每产生1千瓦小时的电能，大约会产生二氧化流37克，一氧化氮15克，二氧化碳860克，还有因为燃烧不充分所产生的积碳，如果对废气不加以处理而任由其排放，对环境产生污染，达不到环保要求。因此应在机房设置喷淋间，内装设一成套的冲击式水浴除尘系统。主要是通过烟气高速撞击水面，污燃物由于动能作用被水面吸附，从而达到清洗烟气和降低温度的效果。经过处理后的废气须经钢制烟管或专业烟井引至高空或不会对其他人构成干扰的地方。采用钢制烟管，须考虑烟管的热胀冷缩，当直线段烟管较长时，应选取相应的补偿器；对于机房内和人易接触的地方，应用隔热材料厚(50mm)包裹烟管，在包扎时必须保证隔热材料不影响排烟软管和补偿器的自由膨缩。

  烟气除了采用钢制烟管引至天面外，也可采用预制专业烟井的作法。专业烟井一般采用耐火砖材料，且井壁分内中外三层，内层为耐火砖砌的工作层，外层为普通砖砌的装饰层，中间为2~5mm厚的空气层，作为保温阻尼层，这样烟道就可以承受500℃以上的高温，在喷淋间除尘系统失灵的情况下，发电机组运行不致影响烟道的寿命。为保证除尘设备用水，机组冷冻液补水，以及冲洗机房地面用水发电机房应设置拖布池。

A diesel generator is a small power generation device that refers to a power machinery that uses diesel or other fuels and a diesel engine as the prime mover to drive the generator

 to generate electricity. The entire unit is generally composed of components such as a diesel engine, generator, control box, fuel tank, starting and control battery, protective device, 

emergency cabinet, etc. Can be used for daily power generation and emergency power generation in various households, offices, large, medium and small enterprises.

A diesel generator set is a combination of a diesel engine and a generator (usually an AC generator) to generate electrical energy. Diesel compression ignition engines are typically 

designed to run on fuel, but there are some types that are suitable for other liquid fuels or natural gas. A generator is a mechanical device that converts other forms of energy into 

electrical energy.

With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, there are more and more types and quantities of electrical equipment in modern civil buildings. 

Among these electrical equipment, there are not only fire-fighting equipment such as fire pumps and sprinkler pumps, but also electrical equipment such as domestic pumps and 

elevators that require reliable power supply. In order to meet the reliability of power supply for these equipment, when the municipal power grid cannot provide two independent 

power sources, the method of using diesel generator sets as backup power sources in the design is widely adopted.

Although diesel has a high ignition point and a relatively low risk of fire, it is theoretically still dangerous to install diesel generator sets inside the main structure of civil buildings. 

Considering issues such as ventilation, noise, and vibration during unit operation, it is undoubtedly necessary for us to comprehensively consider and take sufficient preventive 

measures.

Smoke exhaust system

Diesel generator sets not only generate a large amount of hot gas during combustion, but also produce a large amount of combustion exhaust gas. These exhaust gases must 

undergo specialized treatment before being discharged into the air through dedicated smoke exhaust shafts. According to relevant data, for every 1 kilowatt hour of electricity 

generated by a diesel generator set during operation, approximately 37 grams of dioxide flow, 15 grams of nitric oxide, 860 grams of carbon dioxide, and carbon deposits due to 

incomplete combustion are produced. If the exhaust gas is not treated and allowed to be discharged, it will pollute the environment and fail to meet environmental protection 

requirements. Therefore, a sprinkler room should be set up in the computer room, equipped with a complete set of impact water bath dust removal system. Mainly through the

 high-speed impact of smoke on the water surface, pollutants and combustibles are adsorbed by the water surface due to kinetic energy, thereby achieving the effect of cleaning 

smoke and reducing temperature. The treated exhaust gas must be led through steel smoke pipes or professional smoke wells to a high altitude or a place where it will not interfere 

with others. When using steel smoke pipes, the thermal expansion and contraction of the pipes must be considered. When the straight section of the smoke pipe is long, 

corresponding compensators should be selected; For areas in the computer room that are easily accessible to people, the smoke pipes should be wrapped with insulation material 

thick (50mm). When wrapping, it is necessary to ensure that the insulation material does not affect the free expansion and contraction of the smoke exhaust hose and compensator.

In addition to using steel smoke pipes to lead the smoke to the sky, prefabricated professional smoke wells can also be used. Professional smoke wells generally use refractory brick

 materials, and the well walls are divided into three layers: the inner layer is a working layer made of refractory bricks, the outer layer is a decorative layer made of ordinary bricks, 

and the middle layer is a 2-5mm thick air layer as an insulation and damping layer. This way, the flue can withstand high temperatures above 500 ℃. In the event of a failure of the 

dust removal system in the spray room, the operation of the generator set will not affect the life of the flue. To ensure the water supply for dust removal equipment, the unit's 

refrigerant replenishment, and the flushing of the machine room floor, a mop pool should be installed in the generator room.