柴油机常见问题如何调整 How to adjust common problems of diesel engine

柴油发电机组是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的成套机械设备，由动力系统、控制系统、消音系统、减震系统、排气系统组成，由水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机或其他动力机械驱驱动，将水流、气流、燃料燃烧或原子核裂变产生的能量转化为机械能传给发电机，再由柴油发电机转换为电能，输出到用电设备上使用。发电机组在工农业生产、国防、科技及日常生活中有广泛的用途。近年来随着技术进步，作为家庭应急电源及野外出行电源的优质选择，轻量便携小型发电机组也开始进入居民的日常生活中。 

在使用过程中如遇到常见问题，该如何调整呢？下面给您做具体分析：

一、气门间隙的调整

1、拆下气门室盖。

2、逆时针转动飞轮，到转不动为止，此时活塞位于上死点，进、排气门全关闭。

3、松开臂上的气门调节锁紧螺母。

4、将01毫米厚薄规插入气门与摇臂大头之间,旋动气门调节螺钉，调好后旋紧气门调节锁紧螺母。

5、装上气门室盖。

二、油提供角的调整。

1、拆下皮带和护罩，露出飞轮上的刻度和导风罩上的刻度线。

2、将高压油管的两端螺母松下，使高压油管喷油口端向上，拧紧喷油泵端螺母。

3、从运转方向慢慢转飞轮，当油管口冒油时，看导风罩上的刻线是否对在飞轮刻度线上22°~25°之间。如不对，即应调整。

4、松开两只喷油泵固定螺母，拆出喷油泵，(拆不下时应移动调速翼形帽)。

5、增减油泵垫片调整供油提前角。一般增加或抽去01毫米厚的垫片，供油提前角落后或提前1°。

三、喷油压力的调整:

拧下喷油器螺帽，用起子旋动调压螺钉。拧紧可使喷油压力增高，反之则降低。

四、柴油机装配时应注意事项:

1、曲轴总成装入曲轴箱时，应将曲轴正时齿轮上的记号对准凸轮正时齿轮上的记号。

2、装调速叉时，应将喷油泵的球头嵌入调速拨叉的长槽内。

3、活塞连杆装时，应使连杆杆身和连杆盖上字码对齐。并使字码、连码小头油孔和活塞顶部的燃烧室缺口在同一侧。

4、装活塞环时，活塞表面及环槽内涂清洁机油，各环口互成90°错开，且不能有开口对着活塞销孔方向。气环的外倒角应向后，第一道气环是镀铬环。

5、活塞连杆组装进曲轴箱时，应使活塞顶部的燃烧室缺口和连杆大头上字码都向上。

6、交替进行、逐个拧紧连杆螺母，拧紧力距必须在30~35%牛顿2米的范围内，然后将连杆螺栓锁片包紧在连杆螺母上。

7、装气缸盖前，要使罩管及两头密封圈都对在各自的凹坑内，且罩管的方向不能装错。

8、装气缸盖时，对角叉均匀拧紧气缸盖螺母，拧紧力距45~50牛顿2米。

9、机油泵装入齿轮室盖内转动要灵活自如。

A diesel generator set is a complete set of mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It consists of a power system, a control system, a noise reduction system, a shock absorption system, and an exhaust system. It is driven by water turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines, or other power machinery to convert the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy and transmit it to the generator. The diesel generator then converts it into electrical energy and outputs it to electrical equipment for use. Generator sets have a wide range of applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, technology, and daily life. In recent years, with the advancement of technology, lightweight and portable small generator sets have also begun to enter residents' daily lives as high-quality choices for household emergency power and outdoor travel power.

How to adjust common problems encountered during use? Below is a specific analysis for you:

一、 Adjustment of valve clearance

1. Remove the valve cover.

2. Rotate the flywheel counterclockwise until it stops, at which point the piston is at the top dead center and the intake and exhaust valves are fully closed.

3. Loosen the valve adjustment lock nut on the arm.

4. Insert a thickness gauge of 01mm between the valve and the rocker arm head, turn the valve adjustment screw, and tighten the valve adjustment lock nut after adjustment.

5. Install the valve cover.

二、 Oil provides angle adjustment.

1. Remove the belt and cover to expose the markings on the flywheel and the markings on the air guide cover.

2. Loosen the nuts on both ends of the high-pressure oil pipe, so that the fuel injection port of the high-pressure oil pipe is facing upwards, and tighten the nut on the fuel injection pump end.

3. Slowly rotate the flywheel from the direction of operation, and when oil comes out of the oil pipe, check if the markings on the air guide cover match the flywheel scale line between 22 ° and 25 °. If not, adjustments should be made.

4. Loosen the two fuel injection pump fixing nuts and remove the fuel injection pump (if it cannot be removed, move the speed regulating wing cap).

5. Adjust the fuel supply advance angle by adding or removing oil pump gaskets. Generally, add or remove a gasket with a thickness of 0.1 millimeters, and fuel supply should be advanced by a corner or 1 degree.

三、 Adjustment of fuel injection pressure:

Unscrew the fuel injector nut and use a screwdriver to turn the pressure regulating screw. Tightening can increase the fuel injection pressure, otherwise it will decrease.

四、 Precautions for diesel engine assembly:

1. When installing the crankshaft assembly into the crankcase, align the mark on the crankshaft timing gear with the mark on the cam timing gear.

2. When installing the speed control fork, the ball head of the fuel injection pump should be inserted into the long groove of the speed control fork.

3. When installing the piston connecting rod, the code on the connecting rod body and the connecting rod cover should be aligned. And make the small oil holes of the character code, connecting code, and the combustion chamber gap at the top of the piston on the same side.

4. When installing the piston ring, apply clean engine oil to the surface and groove of the piston. The ring openings should be staggered 90 degrees from each other, and there should be no openings facing the direction of the piston pin hole. The outer chamfer of the gas ring should be facing backwards, and the first gas ring is a chrome plated ring.

5. When assembling the piston connecting rod into the crankcase, the combustion chamber gap at the top of the piston and the code on the connecting rod big end should be facing upwards.

6. Alternating and tightening the connecting rod nuts one by one, the tightening torque must be within the range of 30-35% Newton 2 meters, and then tighten the connecting rod bolt locking plate on the connecting rod nut.

7. Before installing the cylinder head, make sure that the cover tube and the sealing rings at both ends are aligned in their respective grooves, and the direction of the cover tube cannot be installed incorrectly.

8. When installing the cylinder head, tighten the cylinder head nuts evenly on the diagonal fork, with a tightening force of 45-50 Newton meters.

9. The oil pump should rotate smoothly when installed in the gear chamber cover.