柴油发电机组基本原理 Basic principles of diesel generator set

柴油发电机组广泛应用于工业、商业、学校、医院等中小型企业长期(临时)用电；发电机组、工程机械、船舶用等各种固定动力。

在柴油机汽缸内，经过空气滤清器过滤后的洁净空气与喷油嘴喷射出的高压雾化柴油充分混合，在活塞上行的挤压下，体积缩小，温度升高，达到了柴油的燃点。柴油被点燃，混合气体剧烈燃烧，体积迅速膨胀，推动活塞下行，称为作功。各汽缸按一定顺序依次作功，作用在活塞上的推力经过连杆变成了推动曲轴转动的力量，从而带动曲轴旋转。

一台普通型柴油发电机组主要由柴油机、发电机以及控制系统三部分组成，柴油机和发电机有两种连接方式，一为柔性连接，即用连轴器把两部分对接起来，二为刚性连接，用高强度螺栓将发电机钢性连接片和柴油机飞轮盘连接而成，市场上的柴油发电机组使用刚性连接的比较多一些，柴油机和发电机连接好之后安装在公共底架上，然后配上各种起保护作用的传感器，如水温传感器，通过这些传感器，直观地把柴油机的运行状态显示给操作员，而且有了这些传感器，就可以设定一个上限，当达到或超过这个限定值的时候控制系统会预先报警，这个时候如果操作员没有采取措施，控制系统会自动将机组停掉，柴油发电机组就是采取这种方式起自我保护作用的。传感器起接收和反馈各种信息的作用，真正显示这些数据和执行保护功能的是柴油发电机组的控制系统，控制屏一般安装在发电机上，称为背包式控制屏，也有部分是独立一个屏放置在操作室内，称为分体式控制屏，控制屏通过电缆和发电机以及传感器连接，分别显示电参数和柴油机运行参数。此外，发电机组还有底盘、联轴器、散热器、燃油箱，有的还装设有消声器和外罩。

Diesel generator sets are widely used for long-term (temporary) electricity supply in small and medium-sized enterprises such as industry, commerce, schools, hospitals, etc; Various fixed power sources such as generator sets, construction machinery, and ships.

In the cylinder of a diesel engine, the clean air filtered by the air filter is fully mixed with the high-pressure atomized diesel injected from the fuel injector. Under the upward pressure of the piston, the volume shrinks and the temperature rises, reaching the ignition point of diesel. Diesel is ignited, and the mixed gas burns violently, rapidly expanding in volume and pushing the piston downwards, which is called work. Each cylinder works in a certain order, and the thrust acting on the piston is converted into a force that drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, thereby driving the crankshaft to rotate.

A regular diesel generator set is mainly composed of three parts: a diesel engine, a generator, and a control system. There are two connection methods for the diesel engine and the generator. One is a flexible connection, which uses a coupling to connect the two parts, and the other is a rigid connection, which uses high-strength bolts to connect the generator's steel connection plate to the diesel engine flywheel disk. There are more diesel generator sets on the market that use rigid connections. After the diesel engine and the generator are connected, they are installed on a common chassis and equipped with various protective sensors, such as water temperature sensors. Through these sensors, the operating status of the diesel engine is intuitively displayed to the operator. With these sensors, an upper limit can be set, and when the limit value is reached or exceeded, it can be set. The control system will issue an alarm in advance, If the operator does not take measures at this time, the control system will automatically shut down the unit, and diesel generator sets use this method to protect themselves. Sensors play a role in receiving and providing feedback on various information. The control system of the diesel generator set is the one that truly displays this data and performs protection functions. The control screen is generally installed on the generator, called a backpack type control screen, or a separate screen placed in the operating room, called a split type control screen. The control screen is connected to the generator and sensors through cables, and displays electrical parameters and diesel engine operating parameters respectively. In addition, the generator set also has a chassis, coupling, radiator, fuel tank, and some are equipped with mufflers and covers.