发电机阻尼绕组的作用是什么 What is the function of the damping winding in a generator

水轮发电机转子设计有交，直轴阻尼绕组。阻尼绕组在结构上，相当于在转子励磁绕组外叠加的一个短路鼠笼环，其作用也相当于一个随转子同步转动的"鼠笼异步电机”，对发电机的动态稳定起调节作用。发电机组正常运行时，由于定转子磁场是同步旋转的，因此阻尼绕组没有切割磁通，因而也没有感应电流。当发电机出现扰动，使转子转速低于定子磁场的转速时，阻尼绕组切割定子磁通产生感应电流，感应电流在阻尼绕组上产生的力矩，使转子加速，二者转速差距越大，则此力矩越大，加速效应越强。反之，当转子转速高于定子磁场转速时，此力矩方向相反，是使转子减速的。因此，阻尼绕组对发电机运行的动态稳定有良好的调节作用。

The rotor of the hydroelectric generator is designed with AC and DC axis damping windings. The damping winding is structurally equivalent to a short-circuit squirrel cage ring stacked outside the rotor excitation winding, and its function is also equivalent to a "squirrel cage asynchronous motor" that rotates synchronously with the rotor, regulating the dynamic stability of the generator. During normal operation of the generator, due to the synchronous rotation of the stator magnetic field, the damping winding does not cut magnetic flux and therefore does not induce current. When the generator is disturbed and the rotor speed is lower than the speed of the stator magnetic field, the damping winding cuts the stator magnetic flux and generates induced current. The torque generated by the induced current on the damping winding accelerates the rotor. The larger the speed difference between the two, the greater the torque and the stronger the acceleration effect. Conversely, when the rotor speed is higher than the stator magnetic field speed, the torque direction is opposite. It slows down the rotor. Therefore, the damping winding has a good regulating effect on the dynamic stability of the generator operation.