柴油发电机组基本结构 Basic structure of diesel generator set

       柴油机的基本结构：由气缸、活塞、气缸盖、进气门、排气门、活塞销、连杆、曲轴、轴承和飞轮等构件构成。柴油发电机的柴油机一般是单缸或多缸四行程的柴油机，下面我只说说单缸四行程柴油机的工作基本原理：柴油机起动是通过人力或其它动力转动柴油机曲轴使活塞在顶部密闭的气缸中作上下往复运动。活塞在运动中完成四个行程：进气行程、压缩行程、燃烧和作功（膨胀）行程及排气行程。当活塞由上向下运动时进气门打开，经空气滤清器过滤的新鲜空气进入气缸完成进气行程。活塞由下向上运动，进排气门都关闭，空气被压缩，温度和压力增高，完成压缩过程。活塞将要到达最顶点时，喷油器把经过滤的燃油以雾状喷入燃烧室中与高温高压的空气混合立即自行着火燃烧，形成的高压推动活塞向下作功，推动曲轴旋转，完成作功行程。作功行程完了后，活塞由下向上移动，排气门打开排气，完成排气行程。每个行程曲轴旋转半圈。经若干工作循环后，柴油机在飞轮的惯性下逐渐加速进入工作。

        柴油机曲轴旋转便带动发电机转动发电，发电机有直流发电机和交流发电机。

         为了保护用电设备，并维持其正常工作，发电机发出的电流还需要调节器进行调节控制等等。

The basic structure of a diesel generator consists of a diesel engine and a generator, with the diesel engine driving the generator to generate electricity.

The basic structure of a diesel engine consists of components such as cylinders, pistons, cylinder heads, intake valves, exhaust valves, piston pins, connecting rods, crankshafts, bearings, and flywheels. The diesel engine of a diesel generator is generally a single cylinder or multi cylinder four stroke diesel engine. Below, I will only talk about the basic working principle of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine: the diesel engine is started by manually or other power to rotate the crankshaft of the diesel engine, causing the piston to move up and down in a closed cylinder at the top. The piston completes four strokes during motion: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke, and exhaust stroke. When the piston moves from top to bottom, the intake valve opens, and fresh air filtered by the air filter enters the cylinder to complete the intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the intake and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, and the temperature and pressure increase, completing the compression process. When the piston is about to reach its peak, the fuel injector sprays filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in a mist form and mixes it with high-temperature and high-pressure air, immediately igniting and burning on its own. The high pressure formed pushes the piston downwards to do work, drives the crankshaft to rotate, and completes the work stroke. After completing the work stroke, the piston moves from bottom to top, and the exhaust valve opens to exhaust, completing the exhaust stroke. The crankshaft rotates half a circle for each stroke. After several working cycles, the diesel engine gradually accelerates into operation under the inertia of the flywheel.

The rotation of the crankshaft in a diesel engine drives the generator to generate electricity, which can be divided into DC and AC generators.

A DC generator is mainly composed of a generator casing, magnetic pole iron core, magnetic field coil, armature, and carbon brush. Working principle of power generation: When the diesel engine drives the generator armature to rotate, due to the residual magnetism in the magnetic pole core of the generator, the armature coil cuts the magnetic field lines in the magnetic field. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, current is generated by magnetic induction and output through the carbon brush.

The AC generator is mainly composed of multiple permanent magnets (called rotors) made of magnetic materials with alternating north and south poles, and armature coils (called stators) made of silicon cast iron and wound with multiple sets of series coils. Working principle of power generation: The rotor is driven by the diesel engine to cut the magnetic field lines in the axial direction. The alternating magnetic poles in the stator form an alternating magnetic field in the coil iron core. When the rotor rotates once, the direction and magnitude of the magnetic flux change multiple times. Due to the changing effect of the magnetic field, induced currents with varying sizes and directions will be generated in the coil and transmitted by the stator coil.

In order to protect electrical equipment and maintain its normal operation, the current generated by the generator also needs to be regulated and controlled by a regulator.